大国基石 | 北斗巡天,定位时空兴百业******
小新说
国有企业是中国特色社会主义的重要物质基础和政治基础,是国民经济的压舱石。2022年12月28日起,由中央广播电视总台与国务院国资委联合制作的系列纪录片《大国基石》,在央视综合频道黄金时段连续播出,聚焦党的二十大精神在各领域的新实践新气象,集中展现新时代的奋斗者为人民群众的美好生活奠定幸福基石;盘点国之重器与民生保障的密切联系,多视角、多层次、立体化呈现国资央企在推进中国式现代化进程中的使命担当和非凡成就。
今天为您带来第十集《北斗巡天》,看北斗卫星导航系统如何在交通运输、农业生产、防灾减灾、生态保护等方面助力中国产业升级。
古代依靠北斗星判断大致方向和计算时间。如今依靠由中国航天科技集团开发的北斗卫星实现精确时空定位。中国人实现从仰望星空到经略时空的跨越。
广西梧州西江,珠江水系的主通道。长洲水利工程修建后,上下游水面落差较大,来往游船需通过船闸到水坝对面,现在,通过手机客户端,每艘船仅需50秒完成报到和缴费手续。
在北斗卫星帮助下,西江船闸运行调度中心,可以实时掌握每艘船的位置。船与船闸的配合,船长与调度中心的呼应,精准对接、一气呵成。在保证船只过闸安全性的同时,通行效率也大大提高。
上海市精确导航和自动驾驶能够解决交通拥堵、减少交通事故。但需要北斗实时定位精度,必须达到厘米级。智能网联汽车要实现高等级自动驾驶,对于定位精度有着厘米级的要求。
北斗卫星的地基增强站,作用是提升北斗卫星信号的精度和稳定性。它们与卫星天地协同,满足国土测绘、精准农业、自动驾驶等众多需求。
新疆喀什拖拉机安装北斗定位导航,可以真正实现无人自动驾驶。北斗导航系统让播种机实现无人驾驶以及不分昼夜全天干活。
广西 河池天峨县龙滩水电站,国家西部大开发标志性工程之一,“西电东送”重要组成部分。北斗三号卫星导航系统建成后,这里第一时间安装北斗自动化监测设备,大大减少了人工测量的工作量。
北斗系统大幅提升位置服务能力,从米级提高到分米级、厘米级、毫米级,给数字信息社会提供精准时空信息,更准确地为社会提供服务。
湖北武汉北斗能够实现精确的定位、导航,因其卫星上有一块特殊的“表”,名叫星载原子钟。卫星导航利用无线电波传播来导航,无线电波以光速传播,要达到一米的测量精度,就要把光传播一米的时间测准,这只能靠原子钟。
北斗三号卫星,全部装载国产高精度星载原子钟,保证北斗优于20纳秒的授时精度。金融交易中,时间决定着资金的安全。北斗高精度授时,为金融系统提供精确的时间安全保障。
福建 莆田湄洲岛茫茫大海中手机没有信号。准确的位置对于救援十分关键,海防大队收到一条紧急求救的短报文信息,它类似于手机短信,但却是由北斗卫星发送的。
渔业是北斗卫星导航系统应用最早,也最为广泛的行业之一。短报文是中国北斗的独门秘技。赤潮被称为“有害藻类”或“红色幽灵”,为了实时掌握赤潮的发生时间、位置和规模,技术人员结合北斗定位技术,研发出船载的赤潮检测系统,为赤潮的早期防控提供有效预警。
在中国科学家们的攻关下,普通智能手机也能给北斗卫星发送短报文。采用国产自主可控工艺制造,支持短报文通信的国产智能手机已经推出。
今天中国北斗已具备实时厘米级、事后毫米级的高精度定位能力。中国北斗的行业应用不断深化,应用场景更加丰富。中国北斗面向全球用户提供全天候、全天时、高精度服务。
《大国基石》首批播出13集,包括《气蕴华夏》《城市绿心》《追风逐日》《聚能动力》《智连未来》《绿电动脉》《海上天路》《强国之翼》《乌金奇迹》《北斗巡天》《天河筑梦》《一江碧水》《化生万物》等。
12月28日起,《大国基石》每天18:20在央视综合频道CCTV-1播出,敬请收看!
———— /END/ ————
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |